In the world of written communication, small nuances such as spelling and word usage can make a big difference in clarity, professionalism, and even credibility. One common point of confusion is the choice between “pre-existing” and “preexisting.” While these two versions might seem interchangeable, they each have their place, and understanding the subtle distinctions can elevate your writing.
In this article, we’ll explore the differences between pre-existing and preexisting, offer real-world examples for each, and provide insight into why it’s essential to choose the right form. Whether you’re drafting a professional email, engaging in journalistic writing, or crafting formal publications, the way you use compound words like these can impact readability and consistency.
What Are Compound Words?
Before diving into the specifics of “pre-existing” vs. “preexisting,” let’s first clarify what compound words are. These are words made by combining two or more words together to form a new one. For example, “notebook” is a compound word formed from “note” and “book.” Compound words can be written in several ways:
- Closed form: where the words are combined without any spaces or hyphens (e.g., “notebook”).
- Hyphenated form: where the words are connected with a hyphen (e.g., “mother-in-law”).
- Open form: where the words remain separate but are commonly used together (e.g., “ice cream”).
“Pre-existing” falls under the hyphenated form of compound words, but as we’ll see, “preexisting” is also widely accepted in some writing contexts.
The Prefix “Pre-”
Both pre-existing and preexisting start with the prefix “pre-”, which means “before” or “earlier.” This prefix is often used in both informal and formal contexts, and it can appear in many forms, such as prepaid, preview, or prelude.
In the case of “pre-existing” and “preexisting,” this prefix plays a critical role in defining time or state. Whether you’re discussing pre-existing conditions in a medical setting or pre-existing buildings in urban planning, the prefix pre- helps convey that something existed before a particular point in time.
However, the choice between the hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions depends largely on writing conventions, style guides, and the context in which the term is being used.
Pre-Existing vs. Preexisting: What’s the Difference?
Both pre-existing and preexisting are technically correct, but style guides and writing conventions often suggest different preferences depending on the setting. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for ensuring consistency in your writing.
Pre-Existing (Hyphenated)
The hyphenated form pre-existing is commonly used in more formal writing, particularly in legal documents, journalistic writing, or formal publications. The hyphen helps improve clarity in writing, making the compound word easier to read and understand, especially when it is placed before a noun.
Example in a Formal Email:
Subject: Clarification Regarding Pre-Existing Policies
Dear Mr. Davis,
I hope this message finds you well. I wanted to clarify the terms surrounding our pre-existing policies regarding employee benefits. As discussed in our previous meeting, these policies have been in place since 2010 and remain unchanged despite recent adjustments to other aspects of the organization’s operations.
Please let me know if you need further clarification.
Best regards,
Sarah Lee
HR Department
In this example, pre-existing policies is used in a formal setting. The hyphen makes it clear that the policies existed before a specific point in time, contributing to clarity in the message.
Preexisting (Non-Hyphenated)
On the other hand, preexisting (without the hyphen) is widely accepted in more casual contexts and is commonly seen in informal writing. For instance, when you’re writing an email to a colleague or composing a blog post, you might opt for preexisting for simplicity and fluidity.
Example in an Informal Email:
Subject: Checking in on Preexisting Issues
Hey Jake,
Just wanted to follow up on the preexisting issues we talked about last week. I know you’re handling most of them, but if you need any extra help, feel free to reach out.
Cheers,
Tom
In this email, preexisting flows naturally in a casual context, and the absence of a hyphen doesn’t cause any confusion. The word is still clear, and readability isn’t compromised.
When to Use Pre-Existing
The hyphenated form pre-existing tends to appear more in technical writing, academic settings, and when the term is being used to modify specific nouns in a clear and formal manner. For example, pre-existing ecosystems or pre-existing structures are terms more likely to appear in formal publications or environmental studies.
Example in an Academic Setting:
“The researchers focused on the pre-existing structure of the ecosystem, noting that many species had already adapted to the environmental changes before the intervention.”
Here, the hyphenated pre-existing improves the readability and makes the compound word stand out clearly.
When to Use Preexisting
In less formal settings or contexts where readability is the priority, preexisting is often preferred. It’s a bit more streamlined, which can be ideal for informal writing like blog posts, internal memos, or casual emails.
Example in Blog Post:
“Before we dive into the analysis, let’s consider the preexisting knowledge we have about climate change. Understanding the basics is key to addressing the issues at hand.”
This approach works well for engaging readers without overcomplicating things. The simpler, non-hyphenated form contributes to a more conversational tone.
Impact on Clarity in Writing
It’s important to consider writing consistency when choosing between pre-existing and preexisting. In some fields, using the hyphenated form may be more standardized, while in others, the non-hyphenated form is more common. By sticking to one version throughout your writing, you help maintain a sense of consistency.
A lack of consistency can disrupt the flow of a document, especially in professional or formal settings. For example, if you use pre-existing conditions in one part of your report and preexisting medical conditions in another, readers might find it jarring.
Style Guides: Where Do They Stand?
Different style guides offer guidance on the use of compound words like pre-existing and preexisting. Here are a few examples:
- APA Style: Generally prefers the non-hyphenated preexisting, especially in scientific or academic writing.
- Chicago Manual of Style: Tends to lean toward the hyphenated pre-existing, particularly in formal contexts.
- Associated Press (AP) Style: Generally omits the hyphen and favors preexisting in journalistic writing.
Understanding the writing conventions of your industry or the type of writing you’re doing can help you decide which form to use. If in doubt, consulting the relevant style guide can save you from making a mistake.
When Both Forms Are Acceptable
In some cases, both pre-existing and preexisting are acceptable, depending on your audience and the tone you wish to convey. For example, if you’re writing about pre-existing disputes in a formal legal document, you might choose to use the hyphenated form. However, in an internal memo or email to a colleague, preexisting may be just fine.
Table: Differences Between Pre-Existing and Preexisting
| Context | Use of Pre-Existing | Use of Preexisting |
|---|---|---|
| Formal Writing | Preferred for pre-existing policies or pre-existing conditions | Rarely used, but acceptable in less formal contexts |
| Journalistic Writing | Often used in reports or news articles | Most commonly used in journalistic writing |
| Legal Documents | Preferred for clarity in legal terms like pre-existing contracts | Occasionally used in more casual legal writing |
| Informal Writing | Uncommon, might appear in specific technical documents | Common for emails, blog posts, and casual communication |
| Academic Writing | Often seen in research papers, e.g., pre-existing research | Sometimes seen, especially in social sciences |
Conclusion: Which One Should You Use?
Ultimately, the choice between pre-existing and preexisting comes down to the context, audience, and style guide you are following. Both are correct, but understanding the English language evolution and your writing goals can help you decide when to use which version. The hyphenated form might work best in formal and technical settings, while the non-hyphenated form often fits better in casual or conversational writing.
As long as you’re consistent and clear, either form will serve its purpose. So, whether you’re discussing pre-existing medical conditions or preexisting knowledge, just make sure you’re communicating effectively to your audience.
Sienna Mauldon is a passionate writer and grammar expert. On her blog, she shares easy-to-follow guides to help readers master grammar rules and improve their writing. With a love for language and teaching, Sienna makes grammar simple and fun for everyone, from beginners to experienced writers.
